Most resistors used in electronic circuits are too small to have resistance values printed on their package. Therefore, the resistance value is sometimes represented by bands of color. Even for bigger resistors, it is regularly more convenient to use colour bands because written numbers would be too hard to see if the resistor is mucky or not oriented properly. But there are issues with color bands also, as overheating or dirt accumulation, may make it difficult to distinguish brown from red from orange.
The utilisation of color bands allows for simple and fast determination of resistance values on a circuit board. There are several adaptations of the basic colour coding scheme, where there could be 3, 4, 5, and even 6 color bands on a resistor. They are arranged in such a way the bands are closer to one end of the resistor, and they're read in order beginning from that end.
The first and 2nd bands represent the 2 significant digits which indicate the numerical value of the resistor, while the colour of the 3rd band usually cites the power-of-ten multiplier. For instance, a resistor which has brown, red, and orange bands would have a value of 12K Ohms.
Because of imperfections, resistors are never the exact value that the colour codes indicate. As such, a 4th band is commonly used to identify the tolerance, which is a % measure of accuracy. Standard tolerance levels are 5%, 10%, and 20% for carbon-composition and carbon film resistors. If there isn't any 4th band present, the tolerance is understood to be 20%. The red, gold, and silver bands represent 2%, 5%, and 10% tolerances respectively.
Metal oxide resistors are far more widely used nowadays because of their lower temperature coefficient and better tolerances, which are available down to 1%, with 2% or 5% being standard.
The utilisation of color bands allows for simple and fast determination of resistance values on a circuit board. There are several adaptations of the basic colour coding scheme, where there could be 3, 4, 5, and even 6 color bands on a resistor. They are arranged in such a way the bands are closer to one end of the resistor, and they're read in order beginning from that end.
The first and 2nd bands represent the 2 significant digits which indicate the numerical value of the resistor, while the colour of the 3rd band usually cites the power-of-ten multiplier. For instance, a resistor which has brown, red, and orange bands would have a value of 12K Ohms.
Because of imperfections, resistors are never the exact value that the colour codes indicate. As such, a 4th band is commonly used to identify the tolerance, which is a % measure of accuracy. Standard tolerance levels are 5%, 10%, and 20% for carbon-composition and carbon film resistors. If there isn't any 4th band present, the tolerance is understood to be 20%. The red, gold, and silver bands represent 2%, 5%, and 10% tolerances respectively.
Metal oxide resistors are far more widely used nowadays because of their lower temperature coefficient and better tolerances, which are available down to 1%, with 2% or 5% being standard.
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